How to Apply for a U.S. Passport: A Complete Step-by-Step Guide

Applying for your first U.S. passport can feel daunting, but the process becomes straightforward when broken down into clear steps. This guide walks you through the entire application — from determining eligibility to tracking your passport after submission — and highlights common pitfalls to avoid.

"A well-prepared application is the fastest route to a passport in your hands."

Who needs a U.S. passport? If you are a U.S. citizen planning to travel internationally by air or sea, you need a passport. Even travel to some neighboring countries requires a passport or passport card. First-time applicants and certain groups (like minors) have special rules.

Step 1: Confirm eligibility and required documents

Before you begin, gather the foundational documents:

• Proof of U.S. citizenship: original or certified copy of your birth certificate, naturalization certificate, or consular report of birth abroad.
• Proof of identity: valid drivers license, government ID, or military ID.
• Passport photo: a recent color photo meeting passport specifications.
• Completed Form DS-11 for first-time applicants or those who cannot renew by mail.

Tip: Do not sign Form DS-11 until instructed to do so by an acceptance agent. Signing early will invalidate the form.

Step 2: Fill out the application form

Form DS-11 is used by first-time applicants, minors, and people who cannot renew by mail. You can complete the form online and print it, or fill out a paper copy. If you choose to complete it online, use the State Department's official form filler to reduce errors.

Common mistakes to avoid:

• Using abbreviations or leaving mandatory fields blank.
• Signing the form before you appear in person (for DS-11).
• Submitting an old or incorrectly sized photo.

Step 3: Get a compliant passport photo

Passport photos must meet strict guidelines: 2x2 inches in size, white or off-white background, neutral facial expression, and taken within the last six months. Many pharmacies, post offices, and specialty photo shops offer compliant passport photo services. Online services that mail printed photos are another option.

Pro tip: Use a measured template or an online validator to check head size and background before printing.

Step 4: Gather fees

Fees vary depending on whether you apply for a passport book, passport card, or both, and whether you choose expedited processing. Typical fees include the application fee (paid to the Department of State) and an execution fee (paid to the acceptance facility). Check the State Department's fee chart for the current amounts.

Step 5: Submit your application in person (if required)

First-time adult applicants, applicants under 16, and others must apply in person at an authorized acceptance facility — typically a post office, clerk of court, or county office — or a passport agency if you have urgent travel plans. Bring your completed but unsigned Form DS-11, proof of citizenship, proof of identity, passport photo, and payment.

Acceptance agents will verify your identity, witness your signature, and send your paperwork to the Department of State. Many facilities require appointments, so call ahead or use online booking.

Step 6: Choose processing speed

Standard processing usually takes several weeks, but processing times fluctuate with demand. Expedited service is available for an additional fee (and often requires proof of imminent travel for agency appointments). If you need a passport urgently for travel within 72 hours, contact a regional passport agency and bring proof of travel.

Step 7: Track your application and receive your passport

Once submitted, monitor the status using the State Department's passport tracking tool. Processing times depend on seasonal demand and special circumstances like name changes or additional document verification. Your passport and any returned original citizenship evidence will be mailed separately via secure mail.

Special cases and additional tips

• Minors: Children under 16 must apply with both parents or guardians and provide parental consent forms.
• Name changes: Bring original documentation (marriage certificate, court order) for name changes.
• Lost or stolen passports: Report immediately and file Form DS-64 along with a DS-11 to replace the passport.
• Passport cards: A less expensive, wallet-sized alternative for land/sea travel to Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, and the Caribbean.

Quick checklist before you go: completed DS-11 (unsigned), original citizenship evidence, ID, passport photo, payment method, appointment confirmation, and comfortable expectations for processing times.

This guide provides a reliable framework to navigate your first passport application. If you have unique circumstances — dual citizenship, complex name histories, or legal matters — consider contacting a passport specialist or the State Department for personalized guidance.